Hands-on lab · 1 step
Zero-noise extrapolation with Richardson weights
An expectation value was measured at the noise scale factors produced by global unitary folding. Combine the three measurements with the Richardson (Lagrange) weights into an estimate of the noiseless value .
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Step 1: Extrapolate to zero noise through three nodes
A two-qubit circuit is run as , and , which multiplies its gate noise by the scale factors . With many shots per circuit the measured expectation values are
Assume the noise model and estimate by Richardson extrapolation through all three nodes,
Enter . The value is graded with absolute tolerance ; exact expressions such as 15/80.8-5/40.56+3/8*0.4 are accepted.